Bt cotton technology pdf

Cotton, bt cotton, farmers introduction in the year 2002, the first year of approval, three bt. To study the effects of transgenic cotton in the field, a unique team of university, usda and seed industry scientists have come together with growers and consultants from cotton commodity groups and other. Because cotton is primarily a fiber crop, the contamination of food with toxins. After the centre capped the prices of bt cotton seeds in 2016, monsanto withdrew its application for sale of a herbicidetolerant bt cotton seed. Japanese biologist, shigetane ishiwatari was investigating the cause of the sotto disease suddencollapse disease that was killing large populations of silkworms when he first isolated the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis bt as the cause of the disease in 1901 ernst berliner isolated a bacteria that had killed a mediterranean flour moth in 1911, and rediscovered bt. Bt cotton in india india is the largest cotton producer and consumer country after china. Foods produced from or using gm organisms are referred to as gm foods. For 11th year bt cotton was planted in india in 10.

Evaluation of the impact of genetically modified cotton. The secondgeneration bt technologies, such as bollgard 2, twinlink, and widestrike, produce two bt toxins, and the most recent thirdgeneration bt. The bt cotton production technology as per the government agriculture department in. India has the largest hectarage of cotton and accounts for approximately one third of the total cotton are planted in the world. Bt toxin is part of the family of proteins known as poreforming toxins pft which is synthesized in bacillus thuringiensis. A country profile is to provide information on the rapid adoption and impact of bt cotton in india from 2002 to 2009. The all around gains delivered by this technology in hybrids is unparalleled in the history. Bt cotton technology was approved for commercial cultivation in india at a time when farmers had no viable solution for the management of bollworms on cotton. Bt stands for bacillus thuringiensis a soil bacterium which contains a toxic gene called bt gene. This bacterial gene, introduced genetically into the cotton seeds, protects the plants from bollworm a. Disease resistant crops like btcotton, btbrinjal are produced to with stand pest attack and there by limit pesticide usage. Our results suggest that bt technology can contribute to sustainable agricultural development. Recombinant dna technology rdna and its applications.

The toxins produced by bt cotton and corn are toxic to a select number of arthropod species. Crop production technology for bt cotton varieties in. Developed by us giant bayermonsanto, it involves insertion of two genes viz cry1ab and cry2bc from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis into cotton seeds. Highlights a panel survey of indian cotton farmers was conducted between 2002 and 2008. Higher crop yields the introduction of bt cotton has affected the production of cotton worldwide hugely. Bacillus thuringiensis or bt is a grampositive, soildwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide. Building on unique panel data collected between 2002 and 2008, and controlling for nonrandom selection bias in technology adoption, we show that bt has caused a 24% increase in cotton yield per acre through reduced pest damage and a 50% gain in cotton pro. Bt cotton is a genetically modified organism gmo cotton variety, which produces an insecticide to bollworm. My very first power point presentation in my undergraduate degree for a biotechnology class. The firstgeneration bt cotton bollgard had a single bt gene that expressed pro duced cry1ac. The genetically modified brinjal is a suite of transgenic brinjals also known as an eggplant or aubergine created by inserting a crystal protein gene cry1ac from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of various brinjal cultivars. Questions and answers central institute for cotton research. Farmers used to bt cotton may not really think of an alternative immediately and may consider the pink bollworm problem this season an anomaly.

Total pesticide use has decreased significantly over time. Cotton is one of the most important natural sources for fiber, oil, and seeds for livestock feeding. These benefits are in addition to the profit gains for bt. The impact of bt cotton on poor households in rural india. Ethiopia agricultural biotechnology annual ethiopia moves. I hope that this book will enable all stakeholders for better understanding so as to assist in proper assessment. Economic impacts and impact dynamics of bt bacillus. Introduction cotton is one of the major fibre crops of global significance.

Bt cotton and sustainability of pesticide reductions in. If bt cotton is commercialized, and depending on a favorable response from farmers and consumers, ethiopia is expected to move ahead with introducing. Pdf a decade of bt cotton technology in india what has. When bt cotton, a genetically modified crop already exists, why should scientists go for a new gm cotton crop. Mughal who acknowledges that the cultivation of bt cotton halves the growers costs relating to crop protection sprays to rs1500, disputes the technology providers estimates about the per. The purpose is also to share knowledge with the scientific. Follow the explanation to understand the need of such a crop and how it is exactly done. Bt cotton, pesticide use and environmental efficiency in. Bt technology adoption has led to higher yields and lower pesticide use. Publications shall contribute to promote multidisciplinary development of cotton science and technology. This was the worlds first recorded instance of resistance to bt cotton. I congratulate dr kranthi for the good effort in bringing out all possible facets of the btcotton technology, especially from the indian perspective, in the form of questions and answers, which makes the book readable. Since bt crops are able to defend themselves against pests, the use of chemical insecticides is significantly reduced, thereby encouraging the proliferation of beneficial organisms.

Most scholarship on the closelywatched case of genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis bt cotton in india has focused on shortterm impacts and has also ignored other major changes in india. Generally known to be toxic to various genera of insects but safe to other living organisms. Strains of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produce over 200 different bt. Strains of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produce over 200 different bt toxins, each harmful to. The first genetically modified crop in india, bt cotton, has been introduced to address bollworm. The journal sets out to unite researchers conducting cotton research in agricultural, biological, bioengineering and material fields. Like bt cotton, bt brinjal carries an additional gene that provides inbuilt insect protection against fruit and shoot borer fsb. All the cotton produced in the world is obtained from four domesticated species of the gossypium genus of the malvaceae family. Transgenic cotton, a genetically engineered cotton, carries its own insecticide within the plant tissues see how bt cotton was developed. Bt technology has developed from a singlegene trait to multigene trait packages. I congratulate dr kranthi for the good effort in bringing out all possible facets of the bt cotton technology, especially from the indian perspective, in the form of questions and answers, which makes the book readable. Bacillus thuringiensis cotton, a variety of gm cotton. Introduction bt cotton is one of the first genetically modified gm crop technologies with wide distribution in developing countries.

For biotechnology crops like cotton, vegetables etc. Gene derived from a soil bacterium called bacillus thuringiensis, commonly referred as bt. Btcrops are cultivated to prevent damage to the crop from pests like a nematode, diptera, lepidopteran, etc. However, where insect infestations are severe, bt cotton offers a new management tool for producers, helps ensure against yield loss in the presence of heavy infestations of insecticideresistant tobacco budworms. How to describe the disadvantages and advantages of bt. The innovation in bio technology in the form of bt cotton controls the bollworms which has now occupied the centre stage. An evidencebased assessment article pdf available in journal of development studies 472. Proponents of the technology claim that bt cotton has greatly increased cotton productivity in india over the past 10 years. Widestrike and bt cottons from other companies will eventually replace the original bollgard technology. Bt technology effects are sustainable in small farmer environments. Cotton is the major fiber and nongrain crop in pakistan and it contribution is 1. Bt has also reduced pesticide applications by nonbt cotton farmers.

As cotton began to gain high popularity, in 2009, a group of entomologist from monsanto corporation found and confirmed the pink bollworm a major cotton pest has developed resistance to bt cotton in 4 states in india monsanto. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to. The bt cotton variety contains a foreign gene obtained from bacillus thuringiensis. We use a microeconomic modelling approach and comprehensive survey data from india to analyse. Longterm impacts of bt cotton in india nature plants. Genetically modified cotton crop that expresses an insecticidal protein gene. Bt cotton varieties have been developed in the last decade which are high yielding and insect resistant. In india and china, in particular, the area under bt cotton has increased sharply over the last couple of years, reaching 25 million acres in 2007 james, 2007. This is because, bt cotton is resistant only to two pests and not to whiteflies. Since its approval for commercial cultivation in 2002, there has been a considerable increase in the area under bt cotton. As shown in figure 1, the adoption of bt cotton technology had spread rapidly in india between 200209. United states agriculture agricultural bt cotton january. The worm feeding on the leaves of a bt cotton plant becomes lethargic and sleepy, thereby causing less damage to the plant.

It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of more than eighty countries of world occupying nearly 33 m ha with an annual production of 19 to 20 million tones of bales. The insertion of the gene, along with other genetic elements such as promoters, terminators and an antibiotic resistance marker gene into the. While previous studies have examined direct productivity effects of bacillus thuringiensis bt cotton and other gm crops, little is known about wider socioeconomic outcomes. The impact of genetically modified gm crops on the poor in developing countries is still the subject of controversy. Knutson since their introduction in 1996, transgenic cottons expressing the bollgard gene technology have. In 2006, when price the controls were implemented, adoption rates recorded an increase of 192% over the previous year. One such technological breakthrough has been bt cotton.